Let's have a look what's new with 3DViewStation Desktop V2020.0:
We have released a new 3DViewStation Desktop version v2020.0 with a series of enhancements, described below. Please also review our recent BLOG preview entries. The new version is available for download now...
2D drawings may contain a set of fonts, which are typically not included with the drawing file, but which need to be installed on the local system in order to render the drawing correctly. So far we allowed to substitute all fonts by a configurable single one. 3DViewStation now will prompt, if one or several fonts could not be found and allows to maintain a font substitution table, assigning different fonts to each one, which could not be found.
Sometimes it is convenient to merge several objects into a single one, which will reduce the number of nodes. This might simplify the future processing of an assembly, re-selecting a group of objects instead of just the clicked one, less nodes for clash...We now added a new option, which allows to select several subassemblies inside the structure tree and will merge each sub-tree to a single object.
We did a complete redesign of our clash: much faster, many more options to calculate values of interesst, much better display of results...
We will introduce new, fresh color schemes with the upcoming 3DViewStation v2020. Please get some impressions.
To simplify the evaluation process related to the various 3DViewStation options we now added corresponding settings in the "applications" area.
Per default we used to render wires of a part in black. Since 3DViewStation v2019.1 users can now change the color by chosing between the known, typically black color, the vertex color, the exact of adjusted node color. The screenshots visualize the differences:
We have released a new 3DViewStation Desktop version v2019.1 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now...
We now provide a solution to select and isolate objects which are close to the current selection. This is useful for i.e. piping objects, where a box or sphere would not help to select all objects, which are closer than a certain distance to the selection.
With large asemblies like for aerospace, shipbuilding, plant, offshore or construction (BIM) it is useful to select a group of objects by applying one box, several individual or combined boxes or spheres. We now allow to generate these boxes or spheres, to move and resize them before perfoming the final selection.
Sometimes it is convenient to merge several objects into a single one, which will reduce the number of nodes. This might simplify the future processing of an assembly, re-selecting a group of objects instead of just the clicked one, less nodes for clash...
Along with our 3DViewStation Desktop Final Build 2019.0.609 we updated the importers. The following file formats have been added or updated:
Import 3D:
Import 2D:
Let's have a look what's new with 3DViewStation Desktop V2019.0:
We have released a new 3DViewStation Desktop version v2019.0 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now...
Many customers already use 3DViewStation for authoring of content for the technical documentation. Now we are doing the next steps: the BOM function has been re-worked to allow manual or automatic generation of BOM IDs for all visible objects. and we'll get a function to automatically create the callouts including an automated arrangement, following certain layouts. Have a look:
With upcoming 3DViewStation 2019.0, expected in early 2019, we'll add a new split function. Ideal for casting, mold making and plastic injection companies. It allows to determine the splitting direction, manual assignment of faces to certain groups, and also supports multiple splitting directions. Here an impression:
With upcoming updates of the 3DViewStation product family we will add support for AutoDesk Revit. The sample shows how it could look like...
Find below an impression of a new analysis function, our drill hole recognition. This function just needs tesselation of a geometry and will try to recognize drill holes first plus will compute a set of parameters afterwards.
We are working on a new dialog for the 3DViewStation Desktop product, which should help to quickly choose the most important setting when loading native 3D CAD files. You might have seen this with our WebViewer version before already.
A short video showing the news of 3DViewStation Desktop v2018.0...
We have released a new 3DViewStation Desktop version v2018.0 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
We will introduce a new option to mirror objects: you can now determine one face of the bounding box, which will be used for mirroring. The mirrored object(s) will then be moved to that face.
3DViewStation also supports 2D file formats, incl. text files. These text files frequently are generated automatically, without any layout. We now added settings to specify i.e. paper size, borders etc. in order to format such text files on screen.
Unfortunately with v2017.1 we have problems reading DWG, DXF, DGN files. The problem is caused by the latest Microsoft Spring Update for Windows 10.
Please update to v2018.0 and the problem will be resolved.
We typically need to view and measure all data which we get. To be able to measure on data we need wires. But sometimes there are no wires at all or the quality of the wires is so poor, that we cannot do any measurements. To solve this problem 3DViewStation now allows to remove existing wires and to generate them again.
Our wallthickness calculation has become that fast, that we are now able to provide a real time measurement function for the method "rolling ball". Have a look:
Now you can scale objects interactively - so far this was possible via API only. An impression:
in the upcoming release we will auomatically recognize instances, which will result in smaller files and faster load times. You might see significant advantages with large assemblies.
Today we uploaded a new installation package, which resolves issues, caused by Microsoft update 1709. Due to this Microsoft update many applications, including 3DViewStation Desktop, became extremly slow during start of the application and during first click on any ribbon menu item. Fom now on you can enjoy our know speed again.
Find below a video, showing some of the news of the Kisters 3DViewStation Desktop V2017.1 release:
We have released a new 3DViewStation Desktop version V2017.1 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
This preview shows how to fly through complex 3D products using upcoming 3DViewStation V2017.1. A video...
available soon: IP protection by distortion of BREP geometries. A first video....
3DViewStation got new importers:
find here a video giving a functional overview over our 3DViewStation
With 3DViewStation V2017.0 Build 19479 we made the 2D Advanced Importer package available. Now 3DViewStation is also able to read 2D drawings of
.
Soon you will be able to hide or remove internal parts...
We have done a new 3DViewStation WebViewer version V2017.0 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version can be tested online.
We have done a new video showing the news of Kisters 3DViewStation Desktop v2017.0. Available here as MP4 or on YouTube.
We have done a new 3DViewStation Desktop version V2017.0 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Even technical products need to be rendered nicely from time to time. That's why we currently work on implementing graphical effects offering materials. Besides that you will need background images and a skybox to allow i.e. nice reflextions.
For the next 3DViewStation release we will add the method "Rolling Ball" as alternative to the existing ray method in order to do wall thickness analysis. Here is an impression comparing results.
With the next release we will allow to extend the user interface of 3DViewStation via PlugIns. For developers we will provide a template, which will contain the additional functionality. This way you might establish a communication with 3rd party systems and / or usage of 3DViewStation API calls. Below an example which will read attributes (metadata) from a CSV file which will cause 3DViewStation showing new / modified / deleted attributes in the property pane.
Right now we also work on a VR edition of our 3DViewStation. As VR solution (virtual reality) we connect to the HTC-Vive, later Microsoft's Hololens will follow as AR / MR solution (Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality).
We have done a new video showing the news of Kisters 3DViewStation WebViewer v2016.1. Available here as MP4 or on YouTube.
We have done a new 3DViewStation WebViewer version V2016.1 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version can be tested online.
Functions:
We have done a new video showing the news of Kisters 3DViewStation Desktop v2016.1. Available here as MP4 or on YouTube.
We have done a new 3DViewStation Desktop version V2016.1 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Functions:
In the next release we will extend our 2D support by 2D markup, 2D annotations and 2D compare. Here is a preview:
We have done a new 3DViewStation WebViewer version V2016 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version can be tested online.
Fileformats:
Functions:
We added a video to our YouTube channel, showing some of the 3DViewStation V2016.0 news.
We have done a new 3DViewStation Desktop version V2016 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Fileformats:
Functions:
3DViewStation v2016 will be released soon. Although 3DViewStation has been fast already, we did significant improvements again: reducing load times of about 50%, reducing files size as 3DVS by 20%-30%, reducing memory consumption by 60%-70%, making overall handling of large assemblies easier on less powerful devices..
we have done another update, adding support for
we have done a silent update of our file formats, now supporting
DesignRule provided a video showing their integration of Kisters 3DViewStation into Enovia SmarTeam.
find below some impressions for our integration of 3DViewStation into Enovia SmarTeam, developed by our partner Designrule.
We added a video to our YouTube channel, showing some of the 3DViewStation V2015.1 news.
a few impressions showing new Kisters 3DViewStation v2015.1 features: wallthickness analysis, high quality vector export, clash, support for MS Office, DWG,
We have done a new 3DViewStation version V2015.1 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Fileformats:
Features:
we are coming close to our 3DViewStation 2015.1 release. Find a few impressions below: high quality hidden line removal & SVG export, graduated wall thickness analysis.
we have done a silent update of our file formats, now supporting
We added a video to our YouTube channel, showing some of the 3DViewStation V2015.0 news.
few more impressions showing new Kisters 3DViewSTation v2015.0 features, like Catia piping, explode solid into faces, clash and convex hull generation.
We have done a new 3DViewStation version V2014.2 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now. Impressions see here, here und here.
Fileformats:
Features:
We are making progress on the release of our WebViewer 2015 version.
This is a completely rewritten Browser / Cloud viewer providing these highlights:
So we are breaking barriers: even mobile users now can get access to all CAD data, even with low bandwidth and large assemblies, allowing to perform same analyses as on Desktop.
to 3DViewStation we will add a couple of file formats incl. DWF, HPGL, HPGL/2, Gerber and CALS.
we will provide updates for the following file formats soon:
to 3DViewStation we will add support for several raster & image file formats soon. Formats will include TIFF, JPG, JPEG2000, PNG, BMP, GIF, PBM, PGM, PNM, PPM, PhotoShop (Preview).
we will improve the appearence of transparent complex parts soon.
there is a fix for an “error 1006: unable to parse file”, which occurs, when trying to read native CAD data from i.e. Catia or NX, which contain PMIs and when the importer setting “read PMI” has been activated. This issue has been fixed with build 7884 or later.
We added a video to our YouTube channel, showing some of the 3DViewStation V2014.2 news: watch english video here
We have done a new 3DViewStation version V2014.2 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now. Impressions see here.
Fileformats:
Features:
isters 3DViewStation v2014.2 is to be released soon. There will be many new capabilities included like 2D-PDF read, markup to PMI translation, activation of PMI sections, new 3D-PDF template incl views carousel, updated importers and more. More details will follow with the release announcement – stay tuned.
Aras ACE Europe 2014 just ended. Aras VP John Sperling reported about Kisters 3DViewStation beeing Aras Digital Mockup (DMU) solution. Also, we did the Rapidfire demo again, similar to Chicago earlier this year.
We already tried it for you: Kisters 3DViewStation runs on Windows 10!
We have done a new video, showing our Aras integration into Innovator 10, using Firefox browser.
3DViewStation is a native Windows application, still it runs on MAC-OS as well, using Parallels:
You need a brief overview about Kisters 3DViewStation? Then please watch our Kisters 3DViewStation 2014 edition video here – it will show most of the capabilities…
A recording of the 5 minutes rapidfire live demo of the Kisters 3DViewStation. Recorded during Aras ACE 2014 event in Chicago. Kisters 3DViewStation is Aras Digital Mockup solution.
We added a video to our YouTube channel, showing some of the 3DViewStation V2014.1 news: watch english video here
We have done a new 3DViewStation version V2014.1 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now. Impressions see here.
Fileformats:
Features:
Is Kisters 3DViewStation able to handle really complex CAD geometry models? Yes, it is! The Boeing 777 commercial aircraft consists of 350 millions polygons and more than1 millons objects – a bit more than we ever tried before.
Kisters 3DViewStation V2014.1 release is expected in the next weeks. Enhancements include support for Catia 2D drawings, printing (3D + 2D), full-screen mode, an undo function and export to 3D-PDF using templates .
A demo of our latest integration sample app: load a product via XML, dynamically ooad and unload parts, color-coding by status, hotspots / hyperlinking, switch between ActiveX and Desktop UI.
We continued our series of how to use Kisters 3DViewStation on tablet-PCs. Today it’s all about Windows. Interessting for many users: running Windows ( you have the choice to either run our full blown Kisters 3DViewStation Desktop version or the Kisters 3DViewStation WebViewer version to get access to dat in the cloud.
We added a video to our YouTube channel, showing some of the 3DViewStation V2014 news: watch english video here
We have done a new 3DViewStation version V2014 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Fileformats:
Features:
Find a demo showing the InPlace integration of Kisters 3DViewStation into SAP (via ECTR of DSC Software AG), how to work with it and some advantages of following the virtual product concept: support for different views on structures (like “as designed”, “as maintained”..), dynamically loading selections / subsets of a structure, replacing parts or selections by different versions, supporting configurable products in an efficient way.
We notice an increasing choice of mobile devices. We all use notebooks, smartphones and tablets on a daily basis. That’s all proven for typically used apps like email, messenger, browser, games and specialized services like maps and hotels. But what about 3D CAD viewing? Does it make sense to run them on a smartphone? Is it possible at all? Let’s look at some concepts.
The smallest devices are smartphones. If we are travelling we typically have a rather low bandwidth available compared to WiFi and a small screen. Would we like to travel with some native CAD data on our phone? We do not believe in that. We think that we need a concept to get an as fast as possible access to data, which are stored somewhere in the cloud, maybe a private one, maybe a PLM-based respository. To optimize use experience we would translate native CAD data into light weight formats in advance. We would give the user a client, which displays a rendition, generated on a server in realtime. We would let the user select parts, rotate, zoom and pan with his fingers and have a server executing all commands. Because we do not want to let our users wait, until some 3D data will be received on his device.
On the larger 8 or 10 inch tablets we have the choice between several operating systems and native apps and browser based clients. The browser based will work on all operating systems, if you have a server render the geometries and will still work on many systems as long as there is WebGL available (so not iOS, but the rest). Don’t let us forget tablet PCs running Windows. We find them more and more and they have one advantage: you might run RT apps or native Windows applications. This allows to run full blown 3D CAD viewers including native CAD reading support and the complete set of i.e. analsysis, markup and text annotation functions. They are not redeveloped and cut down to a quite limited functional set.
With our 3DViewStation product family we at Kisters adress many mobile usage scenarios: run our Kisters 3DViewStation WebViewer clients on all devices and operating systems. Take the advantage of server side rendering for mobile users, for limited bandwith lines and for HTML5 based zero-install clients. Your data will be protected at the same time, as there won’t be any 3D data on your client at any time. Use our Kisters 3DViewStation Desktop or ActiveX products on Windows tablet PCs and work on light-weight or native CAD files. Performance will be incredibly good: on a i5 notebook we load a 5GB Catia V5 assembly in just 1 second as 3DVS-file, on a litte 8 inch Dell with Atom CPU it just takes 3 seconds. Not too bad. And functionality is exactly the same as on your Desktop.
Here are a few impressions.
From left to right: Kisters 3DViewStation on an old iPad 1 (iOS 5), on an Android 4 Phone, on a Dell tablet (Windows 8.1):
Kisters 3DViewStation V2014.0 release is expected in the next weeks. Enhancements include NX 9 support, layer support, export of modified assemblies into several fileformats and the customization of the ribbons of the UI.
We did a video that shows, how to load large assemblies using the Kisters 3DViewStation, if the computer has low RAM. It’s about avoiding the system to swap. In this case it might be useful not to load the complete assembly at once, but to translate sub-assemblies into the 3DVS-fileformat and load the 3DVS-files afterwards.
A new build of the Kisters 3DViewStation is ready for download. You can now create offset lines, when moving parts or sub-assemblies. Great for your tech-pubs.
Complex products like aircrafts consist of 100.000+ parts. and are offered with many options. Too manage all configurations and geometries there are PLM systems required, which allow to filter from a so called 150% model down to the final end-customer configuration. In such environments we will not find any traditional assembly files any more, as all product structure and positioning information are now metadata of the PLM-system.
As we recently run into such a customer project, we showed, that our Kisters 3DViewStation is able to load such huge dynamically filtered, fully detailed 100.000 part aircrafts in just 10 seconds on a notebook computer with a little NVidia graphics adapter and just 8 GB RAM. Focus was to do graphical selections, which are handed over to the CAD-system for starting an editing session. But we also did sections through the entire device, did measurements and exploded views. It all performed well.
This video shows several possibilities to customize the UI of the Kisters 3DViewStation, i.e. to maximize size of the graphics area by minimizing other windows. Hide the ribbons, let windows disappear automatically, have windows float, add & remove controls to the quick access toolbar, arrange own layout of the windows. Here is the english version of the video.
We added a video to our YouTube channel, showing some of the 3DViewStation V12.03 news: watch english video here
We have done a new 3DViewStation version v12.03 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Fileformats:
Features:
We started the integration of the Kisters 3DViewStation into Aras Innovator. It is intended to have it certified and it will then be the DMU-solution for Aras innovator. We did a series of short videos showing several scenarios:
Here is the link to the complete playlist for Aras integrations.
Find below a few dumps showing a few work items on which we are currently working on:
We have done a new 3DViewStation version v12.02 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Fileformats:
Analyze:
Views:
Licensing:
We have done a new 3DViewStation v12.01 with a series of enhancements, described below. The new version is available for download now.
Analyze:
Cutting Plane:
Views:
UI:
Part properties:
A demo covering the subject Digital Rights Management (DRM, ERM). We show an integration of our Kisters 3DViewStation and Open Text (Spicer) Content Viewer Toolkit (Image AX) with the DRM-tools of AirZip: securing of files (3D CAD, 2D CAD, office, PDF…), categories of permissions, options, watermarks, protection against screendumps… find more at https://viewer.kisters.de and http://www.airzip.com.
Find below a few impressions, how we are going to support PMI-views in the upcoming build of 3DViewStation: whenever 3DViewStation will find predefined PMI-views it will automatically create 3DViewStation views incl. preview images and you will be able to work with these views like with views you created manually. PMI-views will be supported for many fileformats like JT, Catia, NX and more.
Please ensure that the PMI-option has been selected in the import settings.
We are pround to announce our 3DViewStation V12.0 release. These are the most important changes:
With the current set of functions and features the 3DViewStation is the perfect tool for usage in sales, marketing, review processes, change management, work preparation and technical documentation.
We posted 2 new videos showing the current 3DViewStation integrated in CimDatabase: overview and 3D-compare. Find all CDB-integration videos here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL99F1340A60DF72D5
We are announcing our next release, Kisters 3DViewStation V12, which is expected in the next weeks. 3DViewStation V11 has been fast already, but 3DViewStation V12 got a bi-turbo and shows a significant performance increase again, for native CAD viewing as well as for working on our internal 3DVS-fileformat: a 5 GB(!) Catia V5 assembly will now load in only 1 second on a notebook, and also a 20.000 parts SolidEdge assembly will load in only 1 second.
You will read about other improvements regarding V12 soon.
PLM-integrated visualization power provided by Kisters 3DViewStation technologyKISTERS has announced the latest update V11.4 of the 3DViewStation ActiveX integration kit. The KISTERS 3DViewStation ActiveX product is designed for in-place integrations into PLM, ERP and any other mechanical data management systems. It provides high performance native and neutral CAD visualization in combination with a rich set of functional tools to view, analyze and communicate 3D-data. The KISTERS 3DViewStation ActiveX product allows deep and seamless integrations into the user-interface of the leading application, role-based PLM clients, information at the fingertips, resulting in a higher quality of processes and quicker task completion times… more
Mid december we released V11.4 of our 3DViewStation Desktop version. It ships with several new features and enhancements, i.e.:
With the current set of functions and features the 3DViewStation is the perfect tool for usage in sales, marketing, review processes, change management, work preparation and technical documentation.
Did you know: The Kisters 3DViewStation contains more than 160 converters: i.e. Catia to STEP, NX to 3D-PDF, STEP to Parasolid, JT to 3D-PDF, Creo / ProE to VRML… 3DViewStation reads more than 20 3D-CAD fileformats and allows to tranlsate them into 8 export fileformats.
Find the current list of supported fileformats here.
V10.5.2 of the Kisters 3DViewStation has been released. Updated support for Catia V5 R22, Catia V6 2013, SolidEdge ST5. Please download from here: https://viewer.kisters.de/en/Downloads.html
We did another video showing the variouse possibilities to select and filter objects even in large assemblies. Usage of the modeltree, the graphics pane plus filtering by color, name or attribute… Find the english video here.
continuing our series of tutorial videos for our 3DViewStation. Today for use cases marketing and change process.
we started our series of tutorial videos for our 3DViewStation. The first ones describe how you could use 3DViewStation als sales guy or in technical documentation. You’ll find then on our YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/user/KistersViewer
There is english and german narration available.
3DViewStation V11.3 is available in 9 languages now. Supported languages are
Please download to try: viewer.kisters.de/en/Downloads.html
We posted a video demonstrating the new features of 3DViewStation V11.3. Find english version here.
Today we released V11.3 of our 3DViewStation Desktop version. It ships with many new features and enhancements, i.e.:
With the current set of functions and features the 3DViewStation is the perfect tool for usage in sales, marketing, review processes, change management, work preparation and technical documentation.The initial shipment provides a german or english user-interface for now. The remaining languages and the AciveX version are expected in about 2 weeks from now.
We are close to the 3DViewStation 11.3 release, providing many new capabilities. Today we would like to present a screenshot showing a few of them: CAD-attribute reading, BOM, filtering of objects, annotations, markups, dimensions, 3D-mouse support…
3DViewStation V11.2 is available in 9 languages now. Supported languages are: chinese, english, french, german, italian, japanese, korean, russian and spanish. For the future, we will have the initial releases in english and german and after that with a certain delay these 9 language versions maintained. Please download to try!
We did a new movie, as several customers had asked for a perfomance demo: load a native ProE assembly 600 MB in 1 min 20 sec or – after translation into our internal fileformat 3DVS – in 2 sec only. The video has not been cutted – so completely real time.
We posted a video demonstrating the new features of 3DViewStation V11.2.
Today we releast V11.2 of our 3DViewStation. Main enhancements are views-management, direct and fast conversion of any importable fileformat into any exportable fileformat including STEP, Parasolid, 3D-PDF, a simple thickness analysis and a neighborhood search, which helps to find close objects in a complex assembly.
A little video demos how to create your own 3DViewStation application layout. 3DViewStation uses Office 2010 style ribbons plus offers a possibility to move and attach each application window as you like. Even tabs of a window can be grabbed and moved. Please try yourself!
We releast the minor release V11.1 of our 3DViewStation. There are a few importer updates provided for Catia V5 R21, NX 8, SolidWorks 2012, SolidEdge ST4, IFC 2×4 plus additional support for DirectX as new alternative to OpenGL and OpenGL2 as graphics engine.
Have a look at our demo of how to use the new measurement and section functions of our 3DViewStation ActiveX component inside our demo-integration application. The sample runs on a virtual product which references native 3D-CAD parts. Like in real life PLM-systems with embedded native viewer.
If you are not familiar with our CAD-viewing component, please have a look at the introduction movies which cover performant native 3D-CAD viewing, traditional vs virtual product structures, transformation of assemblies, graphical navigation for the visual enterprise.
For all, who prefer to get an overview before they download and install a new software: follow this link to a brief overview over the first V11 release (english language).
We are proud to announce the first 3DViewStation V11 release, built on a new graphics kernel. Kisters 3DViewStation V11 is available as very performant 64-bit and 32-bit application. It ships with the most recent and reliable importers, enjoys user with it’s new and modern Office 2010 like UI.
First users, who had a look on the new product were excited about the easy usage of the app. Still, the core focus of the new release was to provide a 64-bit system with maximum performance. The result is, that the 3DViewStation is preconfigured for top speed in native reading mode. For whom this might not be enough, we allow you to store the CAD-data in our own fileformat which will be your turbo-booster for the next load: assemblies beeing i.e. 5GB Catia V5 native will then load in 10 seconds on a notebook.
Courious to try? Downloads are available here.
A questions rised, how to interoperate with 3DViewStation V10 and Adobe Reader. The following video provides a small demo.
First of all we do open a native CAD or even 3D-PDF-assembly in 3DViewStation. Then we apply a few dimensions, annotations and balloons and save the result as 3D-PDF. We then add another markup using Adobe Reader.
According to your role in your enterprise we give you exactly that information „at-your-fingertips“, which you required. Don’t loose time any more by copying & pasting a string into a new search mask. We ensure access to always current and accurate information by prodving hyperlinks – so it’s just one click away.
The movies show a few sample scenarios: metadata, linked 2D-document, linked 3D-model, linked information via SAP access. English video here.
We just have been asked, how to extract the surfaces of a part and export them. Startingpoint is the assembly and we will use the split function to do most of the job. Have a look at the video.
English
